Any time you make changes to Email, Device Security, or Wi-Fi settings, a new profile gets sent out to all enrolled devices. If a device is offline or powered off, those settings will read as "out of date." Once a device checks in with Jamf Now and receives the changes, the status will change to "Applied."
Jamf Now checks in with devices once a day. You can also click Sync at the top of any device record to request a sync as soon as possible. Once that device connects to the internet, the device will inventory and updated settings will be applied.
Devices may need to be unlocked and removed from Single App Mode for some profiles to install before the "out of date" alert will go away.
Not being logged in to the Jamf Now managed local account on the Mac will cause the "out of date" alert to appear for user-level profiles, like Wi-Fi and Email. For more information, see the "Mac Management Considerations" section in Jamf Now System Requirements.